The short answer to this is, “Well… it doesn’t help.”
A dirty air filter certainly does not help your indoor air quality, but improving your indoor air quality is not its intended purpose either. We touched on this very briefly in our previous blog post, regarding tips on how to boost AC efficiency while preventing repair needs, but your air filter needs to be cleaned every 1-3 months in order to maintain airflow and block debris from reaching the interior components of your air conditioner.